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2021
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M.Tang, M.Deschamps, 'In situ NMR Techniques for Li-ion Batteries', NMR and MRI of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Devices 16 483-512 (2021) doi:10.1039/9781839160097-00483
In situ characterization plays a crucial role in unveiling the mechanisms of
batteries under operation conditions. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
can effectively serve as a non-invasive approach to capture the evolution of
electrodes and electrolyte upon electrochemical cycling. The insights into
metaphase formation, self-diffusion, kinetics and inhomogeneity that are
obtained along temporal and spatial dimensions from in situ NMR/MRI can
serve as a guide for the structural design and modification of materials, and
for the fabrication of batteries with optimized performance. This chapter
focuses on the applications of in situ NMR/MRI for the energy storage community.
In particular, some examples of 1H, 7Li, 23Na and 31P in situ NMR
applications in different electrodes as well as in situ MRI on electrolytes and
electrodes with or without chemical shift information (CSI, S-ISIS, and strayfield
MRI) are presented. Furthermore, in situ NMR applied to other energy
systems is briefly summarized, and finally the limitations and perspectives of
in situ NMR/MRI for working batteries are discussed.
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